Geographies of Algorithmic Violence: Redlining the Smart City

City governments are embracing data-driven and algorithmic planning to tackle urban problems. Data-driven analytics have an unprecedented capacity to call urban futures into being. At the same time, they can depoliticize planning decisions. I argue that this shift calls urban studies scholars to investigate geographies of algorithmic violence—a repetitive and standardized form of violence that contributes to the racialization of space and spatialization of poverty. This article examines this broader phenomenon through the case of a proprietary market value assessment that is being used to guide development in cities across the United States. The assessment employs an algorithm that helps city officials make critical decisions about which neighborhoods to target for investment, disinvestment and public service upgrades or disconnections. I argue that the racial, infrastructural, and epistemological violence associated with this evaluation can potentially lead to a new kind of municipal redlining. The article brings insights from critical race theory into conversation with critical scholarship on algorithms by analyzing how algorithmic violence works through data-driven planning technologies to depoliticize and leverage power while further entrenching racism and inequality.     

CORPORATE TAX AVOIDANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH AGENDA

Tax avoidance can range from reduction of the corporate tax burden by legitimate use of tax rules to violation of tax laws. In this paper, we endeavor to synthesize the major findings of tax avoidance research from the accounting and finance literatures over the past ten years. We consider theoretical developments and the related empirical findings about the interconnected issues of measuring tax avoidance, and the possible causes and outcomes of corporate tax avoidance. We present some ideas for further research to examine underexplored topics regarding tax avoidance.     

The effect of mergers and acquisitions on environmental,social and governance performance and market value: Evidence from EU acquirers

This study explores the effect of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance on market value and performance in the context of mergers and acquisitions. We examine whether acquisition of targets with better ESG performance can help acquirers to increase their own ESG performance and whether the market values the increased ESG performance positively. Moreover, we explore whether the acquisition of targets with better ESG performance affects the market value of acquirers. For this study, we utilize a sample of 100 European mergers and acquisitions between 2003 and 2017, for which matching data on the ESG performance of both the target and acquiring firms are available. Our results show that the postmerger ESG performance of the acquirer increases following the acquisition of a target that has higher ESG performance than that of the acquirer in the premerger stage, whereas the postmerger market value of the acquirer increases following an increase in the acquirer's postmerger ESG performance in relation to its premerger ESG performance. Finally, we provide partial evidence of a positive relationship between the postmerger market value of the acquirer and the acquisition of a target with higher ESG performance than itself in the premerger stage.     

风险投资异质性与政府补贴创新效应——“锦上添花”还是“画蛇添足”?

在中国实现“创新大国”转向“创新强国”的政策背景下，增强企业创新需要政府和风险资本市场的积极支持。本文采取多元回归分析方法，以2009—2016年中国554家创业板上市公司为样本，研究政府补贴对企业创新“数量”和“质量”的影响。结果显示：政府补贴对企业创新“数量”和“质量”均有显著的促进作用；创新数量在政府补贴对创新质量的影响中起部分中介效应。进一步研究发现，风险投资异质性对政府补贴创新效应具有显著调节作用，其中风险投资的参与会减弱政府补贴对创新质量的正向影响，是“画蛇添足”的行为；国有背景风险投资的参与能显著增强政府补贴对创新质量的正向影响，是“锦上添花”的行为。本文拓展了政府补贴对企业创新影响的研究，丰富了宏观经济政策与微观企业行为的相关文献。本文的研究结论为理性认识国家创新驱动发展战略背景下政府补贴的创新效应，充分发挥风险资本市场的积极效应，实现政府和市场的双重驱动提供了经验证据。     

人工智能技术变革对国际贸易的影响

人工智能技术的快速发展正催生第四次工业革命,可能引发全球价值链深度重构和世界经贸格局重大变革。世界主要经济强国将发展人工智能技术作为争夺新一轮产业竞争优势的重要战略抓手。本文基于全球价值链视角研究人工智能技术变革对国际贸易的影响,我们发现人工智能技术变革可能推动国际贸易规模扩大,提升服务贸易份额,并促进国际贸易交易模式平台化、小宗化,可为中小企业创造更多参与国际贸易的机会。然而,人工智能技术变革也可能通过降低企业劳动力需求从而对我国等发展中国家的出口拉动型增长模式造成严重的潜在威胁。为应对人工智能技术变革,我国应部署并强化对人工智能产业发展的政策支持,加快培育制造业国际竞争新优势,大力推动先进制造业与现代生产性服务业深度融合发展,全面促进"中国制造"攀升全球价值链中高端。     

融合反距离加权和矩阵填充的位置指纹库构建

为解决位置指纹定位在离线阶段构建位置指纹库时耗费的人力和时间成本较大，构建指纹库效率低和利用空间插值法构建的指纹库精度不高的问题，提出了一种融合反距离加权和矩阵填充的位置指纹库构建算法。该算法仅需人工采集定位区域内少量参考点的接收信号强度值用作信标点指纹信息，结合反距离加权算法特性计算出次信标点指纹信息，根据位置指纹库数据矩阵的低秩性，应用奇异值阈值矩阵填充算法构建出位置指纹数据库。仿真实验结果表明，所提算法有效降低了矩阵填充算法构建位置指纹库所需的人工和时间成本，构建出的位置指纹库定位性能优于反距离加权和克里金空间插值法，接近传统人工采集法，显著地提高了位置指纹库的构建效率。     

Entrepreneurial ecosystems

International business fundamentally is about creating an ecosystem environment conducive to entrepreneurship. This means fostering actions and behavior that provide a systemic interaction with multiple entities. In this editorial for the special journal issue, the historical background and origins of the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept is discussed with the view to connected different strands of literature. This provides an optimal way to understand the way entrepreneurship develops through an ecosystem logic. The theoretical perspectives for understanding entrepreneurial ecosystems are discussed that lead to a discussion on each of the articles included in the special journal issue. Themes emerging from these articles are then stated that include a focus on value co‐creation, stakeholder collaboration and entrepreneurial networks. This enables a holistic way to understand the linkages international business has with entrepreneurial ecosystems.     

职业生涯规划在青年员工职业成长中的价值及路径研究

就当前社会人才结构来看,青年员工占据的比例极大,并且已经渗透到各个企业单位中,成为企业人才组织结构的主体力量,因此,员工管理也逐渐向青年员工角度进行创新,论文便是建立在职业生涯规划的角度,分析青年员工的职业成长相关问题。首先,分析了当前青年员工职业生涯规划的相关理论;其次,阐述了青年员工在职业生活中制定规划的重要性;再次,分析当前的企业如何辅助青年员工制定职业生涯规划;最后,分析新时期企业青年员工建设的发展方向,意在通过论文的论述,能够为相关企业以及员工群体提供发展依据。     

基于任务技术匹配的“互联网+回收”价值共创行为研究

本文根据修改后的任务技术匹配模型，采用多项式回归和响应面分析法，对互联网回收平台的任务技术匹配度与消费者的心理距离及价值共创行为间的关系进行分析。本文的结果表明当任务特征与技术特征水平一致时，高度匹配对心理距离的影响大于低度匹配；当任务特征与技术特征水平不一致时，匹配过度对心理距离的影响大于匹配不足；心理距离在任务技术匹配度与价值共创行为间起中介作用。该研究丰富了任务技术匹配模型的理论成果，对促进电子废弃物规范化回收有一定启发意义。     

区块链技术在旅游业中的应用价值与场景探析

目前,随着大众旅游需求的不断升级,“到此一游”的踩点式旅游模式已经逐渐变得不再风行,体现旅游者兴趣差异化的品质旅游比重正在提升。在“互联网+”发展背景下,区块链技术具有透明度高、数据可溯源、不可篡改、可追踪性等众多卓越优点,可对旅游业中无法提供差异化供给、商家信用低、价格不明确、旅客维权难、基础设施管理差等困局逐一突破,推动旅游业向智慧化、透明化方向发展,对营造一个信用良好、发展健康的旅游交易市场氛围颇有裨益。论文简要介绍了区块链的基本原理,剖析区块链在旅游业的应用场景,从而讨论区块链+旅游的实际意义,为未来相关的研究提供借鉴。